Bethlehem was about 5 miles south of Jerusalem. It served as a stopover for trade and military as people passed through the middle of the land.
At times in history, it was a fortified city which would cause the normal 200-300 population to swell over 1,000. Its name means "House of Bread" and is a reference to the fertile nature of the land around the village. Many homes in Bethlehem were built over or in front of caves, where they often kept their livestock stabled and stored grain for the animals.
The Bible links Bethlehem to the burial place of Rachel, Jacob's wife, whose tomb is still seen today.
Bethlehem is also the location for the story and book of Ruth, the birthplace of King David, near where David conquered Goliath, and his battles against the Philistines.